Listens and speaks for specific purposes

• Answer questions about the main idea of a nonfiction text
• Identify a character, setting, or event in a story
• Identify meaning (an event, idea, or information) of a nonfiction text 
• Answer questions about a fiction passage 
• Answer questions about a nonfiction text
• Identify the narrator or a character in a story

Uses background knowledge and vocabulary to communicate ideas when listening to or reading texts

• Understand the meaning of words in passages

Uses phonemic awareness and phonics to read fluently and accurately

• Understand the meaning of words in passages
• Answer questions about the main idea of a nonfiction text
• Identify a character, setting, or event in a story
• Identify meaning (an event, idea, or information) of a nonfiction text 
• Answer questions about a fiction passage 
• Answer questions about a nonfiction text
• Identify the narrator or a character in a story

Understands texts read aloud and text read independently

• Understand the meaning of words in passages
• Answer questions about the main idea of a nonfiction text
• Identify a character, setting, or event in a story
• Identify meaning (an event, idea, or information) of a nonfiction text 
• Answer questions about a fiction passage 
• Answer questions about a nonfiction text
• Identify the narrator or a character in a story

Writes with clarity and expression to convey a purpose

• Select a topic and use drawing, dictating, or writing to compose a message with one fact or detail about the topic
• Select an event or personal experience and use drawing, writing, or dictating to compose a message about it by introducing the event or experience, and following with three or more events in sequence
• Use technology (including assistive technologies and the Internet) to produce, publish, and share writing
• Write to convey ideas and information clearly by selecting a topic and listing words, facts, or details related to the topic
• Plan by brainstorming, revise, and add more information to own drawing, dictation, or writing to strengthen the message
• Select a text and write an opinion about it and one reason to support the opinion
• Use spelling rules when writing by capitalizing the first letter of familiar names
• List words that describe an event or personal experience to use when writing about it
• Recall information from literary and informational text to support writing
• Sort information into two provided categories and write information learned about them
• Produce writing that expresses more than one idea with a logical organization
• Recall information from personal experiences or gather relevant information from print and digital sources to include in writing
• Gather information about a topic from two or more sources for a research report
• Write to persuade by stating an opinion and provide reasons to support it

Uses writing conventions in handwritten or digital work

• Write routinely for a variety of tasks, purposes, and audiences
• Produce all letters
• Capitalize the first word of a sentence and the first letter of familiar names and places when writing
• Spell words phonetically, drawing on knowledge of letter-sound relationships, and/or common spelling patterns
• Spell common high-frequency words
• Use simple question words (interrogatives) (e.g., who, what)
• Use end punctuation and correct spelling when writing

Explains how the people and events of the past have influenced the present

• Identify contributions of ancient China, Egypt, Greece, and Rome and the influence in the present world in terms of architecture, inventions, the calendar, and written language
• Describe oral tradition (storytelling), government (kings), and economic development (trade) of early West African empire of Mali
• Compare the lives and contributions of three American Indian cultures of the past and present
• Describe the accomplishments of Christopher Columbus, Juan Ponce de León, Jacques Cartier, and Christopher Newport
• Identify the reasons for exploring the Americas, the information gained, the results of the travels, and the impact of the travels on American Indians
• Describe how archaeologists have recovered new material evidence at sites including Werowocomoco and Jamestown
• Identify examples of past events in legends, stories, and historical accounts of Powhatan, Pocahontas, George Washington, Betsy Ross, and Abraham Lincoln
• Identify the people and events honored by the holidays of Thanksgiving Day, Martin Luther King, Jr., Day, Presidents’ Day, and Independence Day
• Interpret information presented in picture timelines to show sequence of events and distinguish among past, present, and future
• Describe the stories of American leaders and their contributions to our country
• Discuss the lives of people associated with Presidents’ Day, Columbus Day, and the events of Independence Day (Fourth of July)
• Identify and compare changes in community life over time in terms of buildings, jobs, transportation, and population

Reads maps and understands the impact of geography on culture

• Recognize basic map symbols including references to land, water, cities, and roads
• Use cardinal directions on maps
• Identify the shapes of the United States and Virginia on maps and globes
• Locate Washington, D.C. and Richmond on a United States map
• Locate the United States, China, Egypt, Greece, Rome, West Africa, Spain, England, and France on world maps
• Understand the relationship between the environment and the culture of ancient China and Egypt
• Describe the physical and human characteristics of Greece, Rome, and West Africa
• Explain how the people of Greece, Rome, and West Africa adapted to and/or changed their environment to meet their needs
• Locate and identify water features important to the early history of Virginia 
• Locate the regions of the Powhatan, Lakota, and Pueblo Indians on United States maps
• Understand the relationship between the environment and the culture of the Powhatan, Lakota, and Pueblo Indians
• Locate the equator, the seven continents, and the five oceans on maps and globes, and position and label them to create a world map
• Locate selected rivers, mountain ranges, and lakes in the United States and other countries
• Use the equator and prime meridian to identify the Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western Hemispheres
• Locate the regions in the Americas explored by Christopher Columbus, Juan Ponce de León, Jacques Cartier, and Christopher Newport
• Locate specific places, using a simple letter-number grid system 
• Read and construct maps, tables, graphs, and/or charts
• Locate Virginia and its bordering states on maps of the United States
• Locate and describe Virginia’s Coastal Plain (Tidewater), Piedmont, Blue Ridge Mountains, Valley and Ridge, and Appalachian Plateau
• Locate three American Indian language groups on a map of Virginia
• Describe how American Indians related to the climate and their environment to secure food, clothing, and shelter
• Identify and locate the current state-recognized tribes
• Describe how geography influenced the decision to settle at Jamestown
• Describe how the location of his/her community, climate, and physical surroundings affect the way people live, including their food, clothing, shelter, transportation, and recreation

Recognizes the structure of government and the relationship between rules, laws and becoming a good citizen

• Identify the importance of the charters of the Virginia Company of London in establishing the Jamestown settlement
• Identify the American flag, bald eagle, Washington Monument, and Statue of Liberty
• Demonstrating respect for the American flag by learning about the Pledge of Allegiance
• Identify the contributions of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, Susan B. Anthony, Helen Keller, Rosa Parks Thurgood Marshall, Jackie Robinson, and Martin Luther King, Jr., and Cesar Chavez
• Recognize that Veterans Day and Memorial Day honor people who have served to protect the country’s freedoms
• Identify the reasons why the colonies went to war with Great Britain, as expressed in the Declaration of Independence
• Identify the ideas of George Mason and Thomas Jefferson as expressed in the Virginia Declaration of Rights and the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom
• Participate in classroom decision making through voting
• Recognize that communities in Virginia have state and local governments and government officials who are elected by voters, benefit from people who volunteer in their communities, and include people who have diverse ethnic origins, customs, and traditions, who make contributions to their communities, and who are united as Americans by common principles
• Explain the purpose of rules and laws
• Explaining that the basic purposes of government are to make laws, carry out laws, and decide if laws have been broken
• Explain that the government protects the rights and property of individuals
• Describe the individual rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness and equality under the law
• Describe how people can serve the community, state, and nation 
• Identify the importance of the General Assembly (1619) as the first representative legislative body in English America

Understands economic concepts and the impact of culture

• Explain how producers in ancient Greece, Rome, and the West African empire of Mali used natural resources, human resources, and capital resources in the production of goods and services
• Identify the effects of Reconstruction on life in Virginia
• Describe the importance of railroads, new industries, and the growth of cities to Virginia’s economic development
• Match simple descriptions of work that people do with the names of those jobs
• Explain that people work to earn money to buy the things they want
• Explain that people make choices because they cannot have everything they want
• Recognize that people save money for the future to purchase goods and services
• Distinguish between the use of barter and the use of money in the exchange for goods and services
• Explain that scarcity requires people to make choices about producing and consuming goods and services
• Recognize that because people and regions cannot produce everything they want, they specialize in what they do best and trade for the rest
• Identify examples of making an economic choice and explain the idea of opportunity cost 
• Explain the importance of agriculture and its influence on the institution of slavery
• Describe how money, barter, and credit were used in colonial Virginia
• Describe everyday life in colonial Virginia

Represents numbers accurately and demonstrates an understanding of number relationships

• Match number names to numerals from 0 through 40
• Use place value to identify numbers that are multiples of 10 and understand the difference between ones and tens place
• Identify the closest number above or below a given number from 0 through 40
• Compare whole numbers from 0 through 40 or the fractions of 1/2 and 1/4
• Compare whole numbers from 0 through 40 or decimals from 0.0 through 5.5
• Identify whole numbers 0 through 40 and match decimals 0.25 and 0.5 with 1/4 and 1/2
• Identify wholes, halves, or fourths

Computes numbers with fluency and makes reasonable estimates

• Add and subtract whole numbers from 0 through 40
• Multiply whole numbers from 0 through 10; match an array to the correct whole number from 0 through 40 
• Solve division problems using numbers from 1 through 10
• Solve one-step word problems using addition, subtraction, or multiplication
• Add and subtract wholes, halves, and fourths
• Solve one-step word problems using addition and subtraction of wholes, halves, and fourths

Measures with accuracy and and makes reasonable estimates of measurements

• Use a variety of coins to count the value through 50 cents
• Tell time in whole hour and half hour increments using a digital clock, including with context
• Use unit squares to determine areas up to 20 square feet 
• Measure length in inches and centimeters 
• Measure weight in pounds

Analyzes characteristics and properties of geometric figures and demonstrates an understanding of spatial relationships

• Identify points, line segments, and angles
• Identify circles, triangles, squares, and rectangles

Uses data to describe, interpret, and predict events

• Interpret and compare data values represented in a picture or bar graph using simple terms: same, more, less

Represents situations and mathematical relationships with algebraic symbols

• Recognize and perform skip counting by 2s, 3s, 5s, and 10s

Investigates and demonstrates understanding of the natural world in a systematic way like a scientist and applies these skills and knowledge to solve problems

This standard is not taught/learned in isolation, but developed over time and embedded within the VESOL across instruction each quarter.

Demonstrates understanding of the concepts of physical science including matter, force, motion, and energy

• Recognize electricity as a form of energy with everyday uses, applications, and sources
• Recognize sound as a form of energy with everyday uses, applications, and sources 
• Recognize light as a form of energy with everyday uses, applications, and sources
• Recognize that objects, animals, and plants are made of smaller parts and identify various parts visible to the naked eye
• Recognize when substances are mixed
• Recognize and compare the physical properties of matter in different phases

Demonstrates understanding of the concepts of life science including life processes and living systems

• Recognize that plants need light, air, and water to grow
• Recognize that living organisms have unique structures that help them obtain what they need to grow and survive
• Recognize ways in which living organisms interact with other living organisms and non-living parts of an ecosystem
• Recognize oceans and identify the organisms that live in them

Demonstrates understanding of Earth’s patterns, cycles, changes, and Earth/Space Systems

Investigate and understands the following:

• Recognize different types of weather conditions and their characteristics
• Recognize and compare objects in the solar system and their features
• Recognize the relationships between Earth, the moon, and the sun
• Recognize that the sun provides Earth with light and energy 
• Recognize natural resources, including those important in Virginia, in connection with their common use and origin
• Recognize common features of Earth's systems, simple interactions between those features, and the processes that shape Earth 
• Recognize ways in which people and communities protect Earth's environment and conserve natural resources